Indochina, genocide, slave trade

American War (for U.S. reader, this 18 years conflict between North and South Vietnam, commonly known as 'Vietnam war', because of direct US military involvement, military troops, military advisors, US civilians on the ground in the region, and secret bombing activity - declassified by U.S. President Bill Clinton in 2000 - over Indochina from 1964 to 1973 of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos; this is also the first conflict where parts of the violence were broadcast - televised - into people home) (because of television - reference Kennedy and Nixon presidential debate - the Vietnam war or the American war represents lessons learned and to be relearned for successive generations on the media influence in shaping of the public perception, public opinion, and the political decision making process)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Indochina_War
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_in_the_Vietnam_War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam

September 1940
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/1960s-america/a/the-vietnam-war

an undeclared war in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_in_the_Vietnam_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Vietnam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Program
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_the_Vietnam_War
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/Anthology-CIA-and-the-Wars-in-Southeast-Asia/pdfs-1/vietnam-anthology-interactive.pdf

“The effects of this decision not to call up the reserves were significant: the depth of American involvement was concealed from the public until about 1967; and in time the need for forces in Vietnam brought on a disintegration of US forces in Europe and the United States.  ... ... ...  Twenty-two years ago the last American involved in the war ignominiously left Vietnam from the roof of our embassy in Saigon. Shortly before, the CIA station chief sent a final message: "It has been a long and hard fight and we have lost. The severity of the defeat and the circumstances of it would seem to call for a reassessment of the policies which have characterized our participation here. Those who fail to learn from history are forced to repeat. Saigon signing off." McMaster has done his part to help us learn from history.” (Reviewed by Brigadier General Douglas Kinnard, USA Ret., Ph.D., Emeritus Professor of Political Science, University of Vermont, and author of The War Managers., Autumn 1997)
      Book Reviews by three contributors of Dereliction of Duty by H. R. McMaster, 1997.  From Parameters, Autumn 1997, pp. 162-81.
https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/articles/97autumn/autrev.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Indochina_War

China attacked Vietnam in response to Vietnam's occupation of Cambodia, entered northern Vietnam and captured several cities near the border. On March 6, 1979, China declared that their punitive mission had been successful and withdrew from Vietnam. However, both China and Vietnam claimed victory. The fact that Vietnamese forces continued to stay in Cambodia for another decade implies that China's campaign was a strategic failure. On the other hand, the conflict had proven, that China had succeeded in preventing effective Soviet support for its Vietnamese ally.[22][23]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_conflicts,_1979%E2%80%931991

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_genocide

Armenian Genocide of World War I.
Winston Churchill used it [the term "holocaust"] in 1929 (Tatz, 2003)
24 April 1915
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide

Shoah (שואה), meaning "calamity" in Hebrew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_the_Holocaust
Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including ethnic Poles, the Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, gay men, and political and religious opponents,[1]

The word "holocaust" originally derived from the Greek word holokauston, meaning "a completely (holos) burnt (kaustos) sacrificial offering," or "a burnt sacrifice offered to a god."
 
([
   holos    , wholos
   holocaust, wholocaust
   holistic , wholistic
   holos    , whole - complete

'Wholistic': A Natural Evolution Of 'Holistic'
https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/wholistic-word-origin-and-use

   derived holism from the Greek word holos, meaning "whole."

   relative obscurity of the Greek root, which appears in only a handful of familiar words besides „holism“, such as „holocaust“ and „hologram“. (And even in those words its suggestion of "wholeness" is not obvious.)

https://www.omniglot.com/blog/?p=522

 24th October 2007
      Simon

I’ve just been listening to a very good radio adaptation of Douglas Adam’s novel, Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency, and that got me wondering about the word holistic. In the novel, Dirk Gently explains that holistic refers to his belief in “the fundamental interconnectedness of all things”, a belief he applies in his work. He endeavours “to solve the whole crime, and find the whole person” or cat.

The word holistic was coined in 1926 by Gen. J.C. Smuts (1870-1950) and is based on the Greek root holos, which means ‘whole’.

   ])

between 1941 and 1945.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust


7 April to mid-July 1994.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi,[2] was a mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda during the Rwandan Civil War, which had started in 1990. It was directed by members of the Hutu majority government during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994.[1] An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed, constituting an estimated 70% of the Tutsi population.[1] Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed.[3][4] The genocide and widespread slaughter of Rwandans ended after the Tutsi-backed and heavily armed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), led by Paul Kagame, took control of the capital, Kigali, and the country. An estimated 2,000,000 Rwandans, mostly Hutu, were displaced and became refugees.[5]

According to the US's former deputy special envoy to Somalia, Walter Clarke: "The ghosts of Somalia continue to haunt US policy. Our lack of response in Rwanda was a fear of getting involved in something like a Somalia all over again."[247]

In 2016, the Israeli Supreme Court decided that records documenting Israel’s arms sales to Rwanda during the 1994 genocide would remain sealed and concealed from the public.[251]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide


The concept of genocide was defined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples
 


11:39
History Summarized: The Maya, Aztec, and Inca
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC0PgqB-XuE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC0PgqB-XuE
Overly Sarcastic Productions
Published on Jul 29, 2017
Human sacrifice, smallpox, and the Spanish empire... that's the whole story, right? 


The transatlantic slave trade is often regarded as the first system of globalization. According to French historian Jean-Michel Deveau the slave trade and consequently slavery, which lasted from the 16th to the 19th century, constitute one of "the greatest tragedies in the history of humanity in terms of scale and duration".

The transatlantic slave trade is unique within the universal history of slavery for three main reasons: 
  • its duration - approximately four centuries (400 years)
  • those victimized: black African men, women and children
  • the intellectual legitimization (and rationalisation)

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/slave-route/transatlantic-slave-trade/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade
http://abolition.e2bn.org/slavery_45.html

11:07
The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
CrashCourse
Published on Jul 5, 2012

22:41
Introduction to Moralities of Everyday Life
11:05 (start)
https://youtu.be/1jUd72Dmd_A?t=665
https://youtu.be/1jUd72Dmd_A?t=665
 ([ 1 minute 10 seconds ])
12:15 (stop)
https://youtu.be/1jUd72Dmd_A?t=736
https://youtu.be/1jUd72Dmd_A?t=736
https://youtu.be/1jUd72Dmd_A?t=735
https://youtu.be/1jUd72Dmd_A?t=735
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jUd72Dmd_A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jUd72Dmd_A
YaleCourses
Published on Nov 12, 2013
Professor Paul Bloom offers a preview of his Coursera class "Moralities of Everyday Life."

 11:38
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-mkVSasZIM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-mkVSasZIM
CrashCourse
Published on Feb 23, 2012

3:12
ANCIENT GREECE Song by Mr. Nicky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F5qlu3nSDY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F5qlu3nSDY
Mr. Nicky's World History Songs
Published on Dec 26, 2014

ΙΧΘΥΣ
Ιησούς   (Jesus)
Χριστός  (Christ)
Ο Θεός   (God's)
Υιός     (Son)
Σωτήρας  (Savior)


49:17
Jennifer Ratner-Rosenhagen - American Nietzsche: A History of an Icon and His Ideas (Part 2)
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2893
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2893
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2701
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2701
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2666
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2666
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2537
https://youtu.be/oB9KQo2YWTY?t=2537
TJ Singh
Published on Jul 27, 2018


5 books Yuval Noah Harari wants you to read
https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/07/21/5-books-yuval-noah-harari-wants-you-to-read.html
   4. Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism and Progress - Steven Pinker
      https://www.gatesnotes.com/Books/Enlightenment-Now
      Enlightenment Now uses statistics to argue that life is better now that it has ever been.


https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=298146

https://news.fsu.edu/news/science-technology/2019/03/22/new-computational-tool-could-change-how-we-study-pathogens-fsu-researchers-say/
 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescent_theory

https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6244.abstract

Fractional coalescent
Somayeh Mashayekhi and Peter Beerli
PNAS March 26, 2019 116 (13) 6244-6249; published ahead of print March 13, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810239116
    Edited by Scott V. Edwards, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved February 15, 2019 (received for review June 21, 2018)
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6244
Acknowledgments
We thank John Wakeley and three anonymous referees for giving us many suggestions that helped us to improve our manuscript considerably. This work has been supported by National Science Foundation Award DBI 1564822 and the IT resources at the research computing center of Florida State University.